Glossary    (American Heritage and Merriam-Webster's Dictionaries; M. Webster's Thesaurus)
                              Thanks to Chris Dugan, Colorado University at Denver, for his essay on "hitting".


    compassionate:  pity for and a desire to help another; sympathy;
                 feeling or expressing pity or sorrow for the distress of another.
                 sympathy is the act of or capacity for entering into the feelings
                 or interests of another.

                                                                                                Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    harm:  to cause harm to: hurt; to damage, injure, impair.
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    harsh:   causing physical discomfort; severe (harsh punishment);
                 producing an unpleasant sensory response; irritating; extremely
                 severe or exacting; stern; synonym: rough
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    hit:       to touch or cause to touch with force; to contact forcefully;
                 to strike; to strike with a missile;  to deal a blow: belt (slang),
                 bop (slang), box, clip (colloquial), clobber (slang), clout (slang),
                 conk, crown (colloquial), cuff, jab, knock, punch, rap, slap,
                 smack, sock (slang), strike, wallop (slang), whack (slang);
                 to deliver (a blow or blows) suddenly and sharply: belt (colloquial),
                 bludgeon, cane, pelt, club, lambaste (colloquial), pummel, punch,
                 slap, slug (colloquial), smack, sock (colloquial), strike, swat.
          force:    power; power or violence used on a person or thing.
          spank:  to slap on the buttocks with a flat object or with the open
                 hand as punishment.  [Surveys reveal that a few rare parents
                 spank only on the buttocks-- most others also spank elsewhere;
                 just over 50% slap or spank, 30% push, shove, or grab, 10% hit
                 with an object like a brush, paddle, or belt, and 3% throw
                 something at the child.  One can hit without spanking, but one
                 can not spank without hitting.]
     
     

                                                                                                Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    hitting: [An essay by Chris Dugan, Colorado University at Denver]

              Spanking is a form of hitting. It is a euphemism used by people when
                 they want to deny that spanking involves hitting.  They use a rhetorical
                 trick: trying to sound correct; not be correct.  Spanking is a form of 
                 hitting.

              Because the dictionary definition of 'hit' does not carry any moral
                 connotations, it sometimes seems a better word to use than 'spank', 
                 which does carry connotations.  The way it is most commonly used, 
                 'spanking' implies something harmless and beneficial.  But, there is 
                 mounting evidence (circumstantial, but quite worrisome, nonetheless) 
                 consistent with the suspicion that spanking may result in long term 
                 harm in a significant portion of our children. There is yet no solid, 
                 scientific evidence of any long-term benefits from the practice.

              When we think of hitting another person, we think of it as something
                 morally wrong and illegal ... something we are not supposed to do,
                 unless done to a child. This double standard is legitimated and
                 disguised at the same time by using a special and separate word for
                 hitting children. Using 'hitting' rather than 'spanking' gives exposure to
                 the glaring reality of any inequity.  Substitute the word 'hit' with any of
                 the several other synonyms and the meaning and moral connotations
                 remain unchanged.  We (children included) are not supposed to hit.
                 Whatever word we use, the behavior is what is wrong.

               If there is any debate, it is probably in the premise that 'hitting is wrong',
                 rather than 'spanking is a form of hitting', which, in my opinion, is
                 correct. Denial about the fact that parents really are hitting their
                 children makes undesirable the argument that some forms of hitting are
                 right. How else might parents logically defend what they do to their
                 children?

              We think that adults hitting adults is wrong. We think that children hitting
                 adults or children hitting children is wrong. The word we use does not
                 change that. Moral connotation is attached to the behavior, not to the
                 word used. Adults hitting children is traditional and when the special
                 euphemistic word, 'spanking', is used, the form of hitting becomes
                 morally acceptable. When someone recognizes this inequity, the
                 exclusive uses of certain special euphemisms become less valid.

              Those who would assert that hitting excludes spanking are making up
                 their own meanings, tailored to fit their own beliefs, attitudes, and the
                 behaviors based on them.
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    hurt:     to feel or cause pain; to do harm to; distress, offend; to make poorer
                 or more difficult; to cause physical damage or pain to;
                 to make suffer.
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    gentle:  not harsh or stern: mild; considerate in disposition, amiable, patient,
                 mild, soft; not severe or violent; archaic:  noble, chivalrous.
     
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    kind:     wanting or liking to do good and to bring happiness to others;
                 showing or growing out of gentleness or goodness of heart; of a
                 friendly nature, generous or hospitable; warmhearted; good;
                 charitable; helpful; showing sympathy or understanding; humane;
                 tolerant, courteous; thoughtful; generous, agreeable, beneficial.
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    merciful:  showing compassion;  lenient (Jeremiah 3:12)


    merciless:  pitiless;  cruel.


    mercy:  kind and gentle treatment of a wrongdoer; a kind sympathetic
                 disposition: willingness to forgive, spare, or help;  kind and
                 compassionate treatment of persons under one's power.
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    parent:  one who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child;
                 a father or a mother. 2. An ancestor; a progenitor.
                 3. An organism that produces or generates offspring.
                 4. A guardian; a protector. 5. A source or cause; an origin:
                 Despair is the parent of rebellion. --tr. 1. To act as a parent
                 to; raise and nurture: "A genitor who does not parent the child
                 is not its parent" (Ashley Montagu).
     
     

                                                                                       Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    right:    being just or good: upright;  in accordance with or conformable
                 to justice, morality, or another standard; just; morally good.
     
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    tender: not tough; feelings showing love;  solicitous; expressing gentle
                 emotions; loving; given to sympathy or sentimentality;
                 protective; sparing.
     

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    violent:  extreme, intense; cause by force;  Rough action.  Severe; harsh.
                  Marked by intensity:  impassioned, vehement, gentle (antonym)
                  antonyms: tender, moderate, calm, tame, mild, serene.

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    violence:  the use of force to harm a person or damage property; physical
                 force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing:
                 "The essence of war is violence" (Macaulay); an act or instance
                 of violent action or behavior; abusive or unjust exercise of power;
                 an outrage; a wrong.

                 [On page seven, Beating the Devil Out of Them, Dr. Straus, writes:
                 "Violence is an act carried out with the intention, or perceived inten-
                 tion, of causing physical pain or injury to another person".  Spanking
                 children is intentional and the intention is to cause pain.  Injury does
                 not always occur.  If an injury is caused, the same act is no longer
                 legal 'spanking', it is physical abuse.]

                                                                                                 Return to text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


    wrong:  not right (it is wrong to lie); not proper; contrary to conscience, ethics
                 or morality; immoral;  unfair; unjust;  an invasion or a violation of
                 another's legal rights;  lack of justice:  inequity, inequality, injustice,
                 unfairness;  a harmful or damaging act: disservice, assault, abuse,
                 bad turn, evil, harm, hurt, injury, mischief. antonyms: justice, equity,
                 fairness, right, service, benefit, help.
     

                                                                                                Return to text.